For many variable resistor (rheostat) applications, one of the device’s terminals is connected to a voltage source VS. Such a source might be a reference DC voltage, an op amp output carrying an AC ...

One of my first jobs as a freshly minted graduate engineer involved the maintenance of a set of analogue chart recorders. They were museum pieces by the early 1990s: a motorized roll of graph paper ...

Previous installments of this series discussed the need to verify SPICE model accuracy and how to measure the output impedance and small-signal bandwidth of operational amplifier (op amp) models. In ...

Modeling the performance of an analog device with SPICE is one of the standard techniques used by circuit designers to perform initial characterization and performance analysis before putting together ...

As analog engineers, it’s tempting to fantasize about one day coming close to designing the ideal operational amplifier we encountered in college: infinite bandwidth, zero output resistance, and so on ...

In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...